Each of these affects your character differently, as jokingly described in the previous paragraph, in order. There are six ability scores: Strength, Dexterity, Constitution, Intelligence, Wisdom, and Charisma.
But once you get the hang of it, it’s not that bad to roll these up! Without them, you can’t know how easily you chuck dwarves, avoid falling down steps, process taco bell, memorize pi, turn ferocious beasts into pets, or sell a merchant their shoes. Ability scores, also known simply as stats, are the most fundamental part of your characters in 5E, barring paper, dice, and personality (in all forms).